With the exception
of the aramid fibers, the polyamides dye readily with a wide
variety of dyes.
Since the polyamides
contain both acid
carboxyl ic and basic amino
end groups and
have a reasonably high moisture regain,
the fibers tend
to dye like
protein fibers such
as wool and
silk. Since the molecular
structure is somewhat
more hydrophobic, more
regular, and more densely packed
in the polyamides
than in protein fibers, they also exhibit to
some degree the dyeing characteristics of
other synthetic fibers such as
polyesters and acrylics. Due to their highly regular molecular structure and
dense chain packing, the aramid fibers
resemble polyester and are dyed only by small
dye molecules such
as disperse dyes.
Polyamides such as
nylon 6, 6,6,
and Qiana can
be readily dyed
with dyes containing anionic groups,
such as acid,
metallized acid, mordant
dyes, and reactive dyes and
with dyes containing
cationic groups such
as basic dyes.
Acid dyes on
nylon can be
mordanted effectively for additional fastness; however,
the colorfastness of
basic dyes is
poorer and more
difficult to stabilize by
mordanting. Vat and azoic
dyes can be
applied to nylons
by modified techniques, and polyamides
can be
readily dyed by
disperse dyes at temperatures above
80°C. Aramids can
only be dyed
effectively with disperse dyes
under rigorous dyeing
conditions. The biconstituent fiber
of nylon and
polyester can be
effectively dyed by several dye
types due to the nylon component,
but for deep
dyeings disperse dyes
are preferred. Nylon 6 and 6,6
are produced in
modifications that are
light, medium, or deep
dyeable by acid
dyes or specially
dyeable by cationic
dyes.
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