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August 10, 2011

DYES FOR CELLULOSIC FIBERS




Cellulosic fibers   can   be  dyed  readily using a number of dye classes. The  less crystalline regenerated cellulosics (rayon)   dye  more readily than  the  more crystalline natural cellulosic fibers  such   as  cotton. Cellulosics can  be  dyed  or printed using  direct, reactive, basic, vat, sulfur, or  azoic  dyes.  Cellulosics can  also be colored using pigment binder systems.  Mordanting of  direct and  basic dyes  on  cellulosics  improves   overall fastness. Since the hydroxyl   groups   in  cellulosics     are  less  reactive    than  many   functional   groups   found  in  protein    fibers,   reactive   dyes   such  as  the   dichloro  triazine    (Procion   M)  or  dichloroquinoxaline    (Levefix)    dyes   are  often   used on  cellulosic    fibers  due  to  their  higher    reactivity.     The  general    stability of  cellulosic   fibers   to  basic  solutions   permits   them  to  be  effectively   dyed by  vat,  sulfur,   and  azoic  dyes  without   significant  damage.

DYEING OF BLENDS

Textile  structures are  often  blends  of more than  one  fiber  type. Blends  containing  similar  fibers  are easy  to dye with  dyes  of  similar structure  and application  characteristics. Care  must be  taken in  dyeing blends containing  fibers of  highly different dye  affinities, if  the dyeing is carried  out in the same dyebath.  The  dyes and their auxiliaries  must be compatible  with  one another.   When  fibers in  a blend  are  dyed the  same color,  the dyeing  is referred to  as "union dyeing,"  whereas dyeing  fibers in  a blend  of  different  colors  is  referred  to as  "cross  dyeing."   In blends,  interesting  tone-on-tone,  tone-on-white, and differential  dyeings are possible  by selection of appropriate  dyes and dyeing conditions

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