Cellulosic fibers can be dyed readily using a number of dye classes. The less crystalline regenerated cellulosics (rayon) dye more readily than the more crystalline natural cellulosic fibers such as cotton. Cellulosics can be dyed or printed using direct, reactive, basic, vat, sulfur, or azoic dyes. Cellulosics can also be colored using pigment binder systems. Mordanting of direct and basic dyes on cellulosics improves overall fastness. Since the hydroxyl groups in cellulosics are less reactive than many functional groups found in protein fibers, reactive dyes such as the dichloro triazine (Procion M) or dichloroquinoxaline (Levefix) dyes are often used on cellulosic fibers due to their higher reactivity. The general stability of cellulosic fibers to basic solutions permits them to be effectively dyed by vat, sulfur, and azoic dyes without significant damage.
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