Owing to their high
crystallinity and hydrophobicity, the
polyester fibers are extremely
difficult to dye
by normal dyeing
techniques unless the
fiber has been
modified, as in the
case of modified
terephthalate polyesters. A
limited amount of
polyester is solution
dyed through incorporation of
dye or pigment
into the polymer
melt prior to
spinning. It is more common
to use this
technique to incorporate
fluorescent brightening agents into
polyester. Only smaller, relatively
nonpolar dye molecules can effectively penetrate
polyester; therefore
disperse dyes have
been the dye class of choice for
the fiber.
Azoic dyes
and pigment-binder systems have also
found limited use on polyesters. Polyester modified with
appropriate comonomers can be dyed at lower temperatures
or with acid
or basic dyes depending on
the nature of the
modifying groups.
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