The nature and
distribution of acrylonitrile and co
monomer or comonomers
in the acrylic fibers affect the overall dye ability
and the classes
of dyes that
may be used
in dyeing these
fibers. Both acrylic
and mod acrylic fibers can
be dyed using
disperse dyes, with
the more hydrophobic and
less crystalline modacrylic
being more dyeable with
this dye class.
The polar cyanide groups
in the acrylonitrile unit
of these fibers
have some affinity for
acid dyes and
particularly mordanted systems
containing copper or chromium
ions. Addition of
an acid or
basic comonomer such
as acrylic acid or
vinyl pyridine as
comonomer imparts
improved dye ability
with basic and acid
dyes, respectively, for
these fibers. Vat dyes
can be used
on acrylic fibers to a
limited extent.
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